Critically analysis the main approaches of behavioral objectives develop ten statements of behavioral objectives of the research course of M.Phil. level program?

 Critically analyzing the main approaches of behavioral objectives develop ten statements of behavioral objectives of the research course of M.Phil. level program?

Ans

The behavioral attitude is based on a blueprint, where aim and objectives are specified. Contents and activities are ordered to match with specified learning objectives. The learning outcomes are assessed in terms of aims and objectives that are set at the beginning.

This attitude is grounded in scientific principles. Everything the students must be noticeable as this is proof that the student has achieved the aims and objectives, which are also based on noticeable behaviors. All activities guide to students being able to do whatever the aims and objective specify.

Fredrick Taylor

 

At the close of the 19th-century American education became ever increasingly pretentious by the developments and plans present in business and industry – especially the Scientific Management theory postulated or developed by Frederick W. Taylor.

Taylor, an engineer working for Bethlehem Steel, grow his management theory that contains four initial principles. Taylor’s four principles along with how his theories are still affecting education are given below.

Franklin Bobbit believed that the learning objectives, jointly with the activities, should be collected and sequenced after clarifying the instructional activities and duty. He also viewed curriculum as a science that emphasized the requires of the students. This viewpoint explains why lessons are planned and organized depending on the needs of the students and these needs must be addressed by the teachers to make ready them for grown up life.

Bobbit's Contribution

 

First, he was one of the first American educators to promote the case for the identification of target as the starting point for curriculum building.

Second, his so-called scientific viewpoint to curriculum-making served as a model for the work of numerous educators during the next half-century in spelling out the course of action for designing the course of study. It was a method that became and has last the conventional wisdom among American educators concerning the process of curriculum development.

rent points to help teachers and students plan and modify learning activities to link up the objectives

 

Edward Thorndike

 

Edward Lee Thorndike was a well-known American psychologist who operates on animal behavior. He has the fame of laying the foundation for modern educational psychology with the help of his proposed theory on connectionism. Thorndike’s theory on learned behavior is

Thorndike identified three main areas of intellectual development

 

Ø  Abstract intelligence - the ability to process and understand different concepts

Ø  Mechanical intelligence - the ability to handle physical objects

Ø  Social intelligence - the ability to handle human interaction

 

The Law of Effect (learning is developed from the organism doing something)

 

For example,

 

He placed a cat interior in a wooden box. The cat would use various procedure while trying to get out, however, nothing would work until it hit the lever.

Ten statements of behavioral objectives of the research course of M.Phil. level program

 

1.    Students will be able to plan, conduct, analyze, and interpret facts for a psychological research study.

2.    Students will signal capability in the analysis and analysis of scholarly work in their area of expertise in psychology.

3.    Students will signal the skills necessary to write an APA-style testing paper.

4.    Students will evaluate and signal to understand of main theories and/or issues in at least two areas of psychology.

5.    Students will present their test clearly and effectively to at least two audiences.

6.    Students will signal the ethical principles of investigation in psychology.

7.    Student will be able to describe self-concept, self-actualization, the development of responsibility.

8.    Student will emphasize the wide concept of human behaviors as hold in Holy Quran.

9.    Student will explain experiment from educational soil of Pakistan with reference to Islam and our typical educational situation.

10.    Student will resolve the problems through developing comprehensive lists of specific behaviors.

 

Disadvantages of behavioral objectives model

 

On the other hand, a disadvantage of the behaviorist viewpoint is that the theories are too deterministic as behaviorists trust that our behaviors are determined just by environmental effects such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning which is a disadvantage as behaviors can be in deterministic.

Advantages of behavioral objectives model

 

The main advantage of BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES is their accuracy in giving direction to a teaching program. By knowing exactly where you want to go, it is easier to determine how to get there. Clearness of goals also makes it easier for trainers to communicate between themselves and cooperate on a teaching program.